The strength of concrete depends on the mix used to make it- ratio of cement, sand, gravel and water. If the mix does not produce a concrete that is strong enough, the concrete will break.
simply workabilty is the w/c ratio in concrete. more the w/c ratio higher the workability and vice versa. and it is true that excess amount of w/c ratio doesnt give proper strength. so workable concrete i.e, concrete with proper w/c is must for good strength. *note: not considering the mix of concrete.
concrete grade and strength are both revalent since if grade increase setting time will be less and curing to be done propely so that concrete strength will reach higher. If concrete grade is low curing to done longer days upto intial setting time to reach proper strength
The units of Mpa is N/mm2 so this means that the concrete can resist a compresion forse of 50 newtons spread over 1 mm2 *Note if this value is a measured value a safety factor needs to be applied if it is to be used in construction, this factor are specified in you country's design code
There are two main loading conditions that concrete under goes. These are Compression and Tension. Concrete is very strong in compression and is very weak in Tension (pulling apart). Concrete has so little strength to resist tension it is assumed to have no strength in tension. When civil engineers design concrete structures they can determine where the tension and compression will be located. Steel is added to give the concrete tensile strength. For Example a concrete beam when loaded from the top will experience compression on top section of the beam. The top portion of the beam will push inwards creating compression while the bottom section will pull apart creating tension. (Imagine a smile shape). :) Therefore reinforcement will be needed in the tension area (bottom).
If you are talking about shrinkage, then quite a bit. To make concrete, cement and water react together. There is a specific amount of water required to hydrate the concrete. Any water extra must leave the concrete and while it makes the concrete more workable, hurts the concrete is several ways. The volume of the concrete will change by whatever excess water you have added. To get workability, it's always best to use a water reducing admixture.
simply workabilty is the w/c ratio in concrete. more the w/c ratio higher the workability and vice versa. and it is true that excess amount of w/c ratio doesnt give proper strength. so workable concrete i.e, concrete with proper w/c is must for good strength. *note: not considering the mix of concrete.
concrete grade and strength are both revalent since if grade increase setting time will be less and curing to be done propely so that concrete strength will reach higher. If concrete grade is low curing to done longer days upto intial setting time to reach proper strength
In construction, BRC stands for "British Reinforced Concrete," which refers to a type of steel reinforcement mesh commonly used in construction projects to provide structural strength to concrete elements such as slabs, walls, and columns. The BRC mesh is manufactured by welding together high-strength steel wires in a grid pattern, creating a durable and flexible material that helps distribute loads and prevent cracking in concrete structures. The use of BRC mesh in construction helps improve the overall integrity and longevity of the concrete elements, making them more resistant to stresses and deformations.
The curing of concrete is a reaction between the type of cement in the concrete and the water. This reaction between cement and water is known as hydration. When the concrete sets and gains strength through this process it is known as curing. Test cylinders of concrete for construction projects are placed in a curing room where they are continuous misted with water at 23 +-2 degrees Celsius for 7 and 28 days before testing. This provides adequate curing.
It deals with the tension and compression of the concrete. Concrete is a really great material when in comes to compression. It has a high strength in compression but little in the way of tension. You can test this for your self. Get a small unreinforced piece of concrete and pull it apart it ( put it in tension) and it breaks fairy easily. Now, try pushing together (put it in compression) and it doesn't break anywhere near as easily, if you can break it at all. Steel is the opposite. It has more strength in tension than in compression. Putting steel bars in concrete allows you to have good strength in compression and in tension. In an easy way to understand it and get the general idea, when the reinforced concrete is under tension, the steel bars take over, and when the reinforced concrete is under compression, the concrete takes over.
In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.In the list of Roman accomplishments you mention, there was not one that can be singled out as the "most important". They all had different purposes so they were all important in their own areas. The laws were important in the civil area, the aqueducts in the health area, the concrete and arches were important in the construction area, the roads in transportation and the calendar in the time and record keeping areas.
Concrete has great compressional strength but very weak torque resistance. That means when the ground underneath concrete paths settles or erodes the concrete will crack. In order to determine where the concrete will crack the constructors leave faults in it. So when the concrete does crack it does so in such a manner that the path is still functional and aesthetic.
The units of Mpa is N/mm2 so this means that the concrete can resist a compresion forse of 50 newtons spread over 1 mm2 *Note if this value is a measured value a safety factor needs to be applied if it is to be used in construction, this factor are specified in you country's design code
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Concrete and the vaulted arches were keys to the support of the Colosseum. It was built with a mixture of concrete and stone. The Romans were in the middle of developing concrete and were unsure of its strength and durability, so they used stone as well. Roman concrete proved to be very strong and long lasting and it is mainly due to this that it has survived. Moreover, unlike stone, it cannot be quarried to be used as building material elsewhere, which is the main reason why so many Roman buildings are in ruin. The great load-bearing strength of the vaulted arch was also very important in supporting the Colosseum.
TMT Bars - High strength deformed steel bars used for concrete reinforcement. The surface has many short ribs to allow the concrete to adhere better than if the bars had a smooth surface.MS Rods - Mild Steel rods are used to construct many things (such as scaffold construction), but are not the best choice for concrete. The surface of the rod is smooth, so it does not allow the concrete to adhere as well as if the surface had a texture.
Speed of Construction Precast components are manufactured off-site while site work progresses simultaneously. This parallel process reduces the overall construction time significantly. Superior Quality Control Since production happens in a controlled factory environment, precast concrete offers consistent quality, precise dimensions, and better finishes compared to on-site casting. Durability and Strength Precast concrete is highly durable, resistant to weather, fire, chemicals, and corrosion, making it suitable for long-lasting structures in harsh conditions. Cost-Effectiveness Although initial manufacturing may cost more, the reduced labor, faster timelines, and minimal on-site errors make precast construction more economical over the project lifecycle. Design Flexibility Precast elements can be molded into complex shapes, sizes, textures, and colors, allowing architects greater freedom in design. Eco-Friendly Construction Precast construction generates less waste, enables recycling of materials, and requires less site disturbance, contributing to sustainable building practices. Improved Site Safety With fewer on-site casting activities and reduced labor, the risk of accidents and material mishandling is minimized. Thermal and Acoustic Performance Precast panels provide excellent thermal insulation and soundproofing, enhancing the energy efficiency and comfort of buildings.