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Phase difference is 120 degrees because that is one third of 360 degrees.

In a multi phase power system, you want each phase to divide a full cycle evenly. So, in a three phase system, each phase is delayed by one third of a cycle.

A full cycle at 60 Hz is 16.7 mS, or 360 degrees. One third of that is 5.6 mS, or 120 degrees.

A full cycle at 50 Hz is 20 mS, or 360 degrees. One third of that is 6.7 mS, or 120 degrees.

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