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In simple terms, in HV transmission the losses are less. So when we want to transmit a large power to a larger distance it is better to go for HV Transmission, however the generation will be in LV level. So in order to transmit the power in HV we need to Step-Up. And then once on the other side of the transmission the loads are all in LV, so to use the transmitted power we have to STEP-DOWN.

I hope this answers your query

Answer

For a given load, the higher the supply voltage, the lower the resulting load current. We have to transmit electricity at very high voltages in order to prevent enormous voltage drop along the transmission lines, to enable us to use conductors of practical sizes, and to miniminise line losses. Power station generators are limited to voltage outputs of around 30 kV, due to a physical limit to the number of armature windings that they can hold. So we must use Transformers to step up these voltages for transmission and, then, to progressively step down the transmission voltages at load centres (cities, etc.).

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