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The kinds of nouns are:

Singular nouns are words for one person, place, or thing.

Examples: apple, brother, calf, datum, glass

Plural nouns are words for two or more persons, places, or things.

Examples: apples, brothers, calves, data, glasses

Common nouns are words for any person, place, or thing. Common nouns are capitalized only when they are the first word of a sentence.

Examples are: general, tower, city, day, year, war, peace

Proper nouns are the names of people, places, things, or titles. Proper nouns are always capitalized.

Examples: General Eisenhower, the Tower of London, New Year's Day, or 'War and Peace' by Leo Tolsty.

Abstract nouns are words for things that you cannot detect with your physical senses; you cannot see, hear, smell, taste, or touch them. An abstract noun is a word for something that is known, learned, understood, thought, or felt emotionally.

Examples: tolerance, optimism, hatred, leisure, and gratitude.

Concrete nouns are words for things that can be detected by any of the physical senses; things that can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched.

Examples: hand, blueberry, knife, snow, and Clarinet.

Count nouns are nouns for things that can be counted, they have a singular and plural form.

Examples: one hand, two hands; one monkey, a barrel of monkeys; one dollar, a million dollars; and one man, two men.

Non-count (mass) nouns are things that can't be counted; they are words for substances and some abstract nouns for concepts.

Example substances: flour, sand, rice, aluminum, oxygen.

Example concepts: knowledge, harm, advice, news, or homework.

Multiples of non-count nouns are expressed measures or degrees.

Examples: a cup of flour; a roll of aluminum; some advice, a lot of homework.

The plural forms of non-count nouns are reserved for 'types of' or 'kinds of'.

Examples: kinds of rices are brown and basmati; a selection of teas.

Possessive nounsare words that show that something in the sentence belongs to that noun; possessives are shown by adding an apostrophe -s to the end of the word, or occasionally just an apostrophe for some nouns that already end with -s.

Examples: the child's toys, the teacher's desk, the pie's crust, the elephant's baby, the bus's tire, or the bosses' meeting.

Collective nounsare words for a group of specific items, animals or people.

Examples: a crowd of onlookers, a bouquet of flowers, a herd of cattle, a team of players, a row of houses, or a pod of whales.

Compound nouns are nouns made up of two or more words merged into one word with a meaning of its own. There are three types of compound nouns:

  • open spaced: tennis shoe, front door, paint brush
  • hyphenated: mother-in-law, fifty-five, six-pack
  • closed: bathtub, Baseball, houseboat

Gerunds (verbal nouns) are the present participle of a verb (the -ing word) that functions as a noun as the subject of a sentence or clause and the object of a verb or preposition.

Examples: 'I went fishing.'; 'Walking is good exercise.'; Talking will get you nowhere, try some doing.

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