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A building is an artificially enclosed space on Earth's land surface that separates completely or partially people and sometimes other animals and plants from Earth's atmosphere and its phenomena. A building is typically enclosed by four walls and a roof. The human art of designing and constructing buildings is known as architecture. The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter for humans and their personal belongings from adverse atmospheric phenomena. A secondary function of buildings is to comfortably provide space for people to sleep, work, play, etc. Buildings come in many shapes and sizes and all of them have the following parts: floors, lower horizontal surfaces for people to walk on; walls, vertical partitions dividing the building into separate spaces or rooms; ceilings, upper horizontal surfaces of rooms; doors, movable rectangular pieces of wood, metal, etc. to provide access to rooms and corridors, and also to serve as entrances and exits to the building itself; windows, rectangular openings with a glass case for permitting natural light and air into the building; artificial lighting for providing illumination when natural light is not possible; and toilet facilities for human excretion and washing. A very tall building in a city, usually an office tower, is called a skyscraper. Multistory buildings have staircases to provide access between floors. They may also have machines for vertical transportation between floors such as elevators and escalators. Buildings are used for a wide variety of human activities and are classified as follows.

1. Residential: houses, apartment complexes, condominiums, igloos, mobile homes and huts

2. Commercial: stores, shopping malls, stock exchanges, banks, office complexes, restaurants, and hotels

3. Industrial: factories, refineries, warehouses, silos, and shipping ports

4. Agricultural: farm houses, barns, and stables

5. Educational: schools, colleges/universities, libraries, and museums

6. Medical/Health: hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes

7. Religious: churches, temples, mosques, and synagogues

8. Recreational: health clubs, spas, gymnasiums, and swimming pools

9. Public Assembly: convention centers, theaters, concert halls, arenas, and stadiums

10. Government: palaces, city halls, police stations, fire stations, courthouses, jails, and prisons

11. Military: barracks, and magazines (places to store ammunition)

12. Transportation: bus stations, train stations, and airports

13. Scientific: laboratories and observatories

Buildings come with different pieces of furniture depending upon the activities being performed in them. Residential buildings usually have beds for sleeping on, couches for relaxing on or engaging in social intercourse, tables for eating, drinking, studying, and working on, and chairs for sitting on when eating, drinking, studying, or working. Buildings for public assembly usually have seats arranged in rows or tiers for people to sit when viewing public events such as sports competitions, concerts, plays, films, speeches, and demonstrations. Recreational buildings have lockers for changing clothes, showers for bathing before or after working out or swimming, and exercise equipment such as treadmills, barbells, dumbbells, and weight machines. Religious buildings have pews for worshipers to sit during services and altars where the clergy perform the ritual. Medical and health buildings have operating tables and X-ray machines.

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9y ago

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