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Conflict Definition: Conflict is a state of discord caused by the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests. A conflict can be internal (within oneself) or external (between two or more individuals). Conflict as a concept can help explain many aspects of social life such as social disagreement, conflicts of interests, and fights between individuals, groups, or organizations. Sherif et al (1961) Participants: 22 white, middle class, Protestant boys. Location: The Robber's Cave State Park, Oklahoma Procedure: * Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of 11. * Each group had a separate cabin, out of sight of each other. * None of the boys knew each other before entering. * Stage one: each group cooperated on numerous activities e.g. pitching tents, making meals, a treasure hunt). * Towards the end of weeks one each group was allowed to become aware of the other group. * Stage two: announced there would be a grand tournament between the two groups with 10 sporting events, plus points for clean dormitories etc. * A trophy, medals and a four bladed knife for each member of the winning group was the prize. Results: * At stage one a distinct set of group norms emerged , defining the group identity. One group called themselves the 'Rattlers', the other called themselves the 'Eagles'. * When the groups became aware of each other a very clear 'us and them' language emerged. * Before the tournament began, the 'Rattlers' flag was burnt and the camp counsellors (experimenters) had to break up a fight between the groups. * The 'Eagles' won - with the experimenters' 'help' - and the 'Rattlers' stole their medals and knives. * There emerged a strong preference for the in-group since the 'Rattlers' thought of themselves as brave, tough and friendly and almost all 'Eagles as sneaky, stinkers and smart alecks, and vice versa.

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