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The present participle is formed by adding -ing to a verb. eg walking

, eating

.

The present participle is used to make:

continuous verb phrases eg - am looking

, is walking

, are eating



a present participle clause eg - I like reading

.

The past participle of a regular verb is formed by adding -ed to the verb eg - walked, listened



For irregular verbs the past participle is formed in different ways eg - know/known

, come/come

, think/thought

. You have to learn these because there are no rules for how they are formed.

Past participles are used to make:

perfect verb phrases - has walked

, have eaten

, had come



passive verb phrases - am known

, is played, are heard

, was eaten

, were lost


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11y ago
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9y ago

Present participles - verb +ing - reading writing listening

Past participles - For regular verbs the past participle is verb + ed eg walked, listened, grouped

For irregular verbs the past participle varies eg run, eaten, cut, bought,

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Q: What are the forms and function of participles?
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Gerunds are forms of the verb that function as nouns. They always end in "ing."Participles are forms of the verb that function as adjectives. They can end in "ed," "en," or "ing."Infinitives are forms of the verb that may acts as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They include "to" plus the base form of the verb, as in "to run."


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