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Antecedent action is, essentially, the circumstances preceding rising action in the story. It usually introduces the setting (era, location, society, time of day, etc) and the characters. It is where we meet the protagonist, and maybe the antagonist. It is a description of an average day in the life of the protagonist before the initial incident, or in other words, when the plot starts to thicken.

So...a simple example would be,

"It was 2:30 PM, and Johnny was staring at the clock, waiting for the school day to end. Math was his least favourite subject, and it being last period made it the worst. His friends beside him were having a contest to see who could make the best paper airplane, and were getting especially loud. The teacher was just about to walk over and reprimand them when tehre was a knock on the door. The teacher diverted her path and opened it to find two men dressed entirely in white. They quietly adressed the teacher before she turned around with a frown and said, 'Johnny, these two men would like to speak with you in private for a moment.' Johnny, confused, stood and walked across the now-silent classroom and out the door. The door shut behind in and the two men stared down at him with grimaces on their faces. 'Jonathan James Gaffer,' one of them said. 'You're going to have to come with us'. One raised a hand, and then all was black"

Everything that happened before the men in white arrived would be an example of antecedent action.

Johnny would be a young boy in school, most likely of elementry or junior high age, who is somewhat popular, in a pretty average north American school. This shows preceding circumstances before the initial incident, therefore, antecedent action.

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