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geohazard can be defined as ageological state that represents or has the potential to develop further into a situation leading to damage or uncontrolled risk [1]. This definition implies that geohazards are widespread phenomena that are related to geological and environmental conditions and involve long-term and/or short-term geological processes. Geohazards can thus be relatively small features, but they can also attain huge dimensions (e.g. submarine or surface landslide) and affect local and regional socio-economy (e.g. tsunamis) to a large extent. In addition, human activities - for example drilling through geohazards like overpressured zones - could result in significant risk, and as such mitigation and prevention are paramount, through improved understanding of geohazards, their preconditions, causes and implications. In other cases, particularly in montane regions, natural processes can cause catalytic events of a complex nature, such as an avalanche hitting a lake causes a debris flow, with consequences potentially hundreds of miles away, or a lahar released by volcanism.
The continued and multi-disciplinary investigation into the occurrence and implications of geohazards, in particular offshore geohazards in relation with the oil and gas exploration, lead to specific mitigation studies and establishing relevant prevention mechanisms [2][3].
Geohazards lie at the heart of the research activities at the International Centre for Geohazards, hosted at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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What is geohazard map?
geohazard maps can help save lives by informing people about areas that are likely to be hit by natural disasters
What is the purpose of a geohazard map?
To show dangerous areas so they can be avoided or deealt with.
What is a geohazard?
A geohazard is a natural event or process that poses a threat to people, property, or the environment. Examples of geohazards include earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Understanding and mitigating geohazards is important for reducing risk and ensuring the safety of communities in vulnerable areas.
What is an example of a geohazard?
Submarine) LandslidesDebris flowsShallow gas accumulationOverpressured zones (including gas and shallow water flows)Naturally occurring gas hydrates and their climate-controlled meta-stabilityMud flows, diapirism and mud volcanism/mud volcanoesEarthquakes and seismicityTsunamis from tectonics and landslidesRock falls and landslides
What are ways to prevent major damages during earthquakes and tsunamis?
Tsunamis are a natural geohazard caused by plate tectonics that result in large-scale underwater earthquakes. Therefore, there is little that can be done (in the same way that human activity cannot prevent earthquakes or volcanic eruptions). However, we can put tsunami prediction measures in place and evacuate areas where there is an imminent risk of a tsunami. Some environmentalists have recommended planting woodland along the shoreline where there is a high risk of tsunamis because the trees can absorb some of the wave's energy. In the 2004 tsunami some areas protected by trees suffered significantly less damage and fewer deaths than areas that were not protected by trees.
