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Variety refers to the grapes themselves. Such as Cabernet Sauvignon or Grenache. A wine cane be made from different grape varieties and be blended together. Examples would be Meritage wines or wines from Bordeaux. Varietal refers to the wine only. It is used to describe a wine made from 100 percent of a single variety of grape, or is legally allowed to be labelled as a wine made from a single grape variety. In the U.S., the federal requirement for a wine to be labelled as varietal wine, it must be made from at least 75% of the grape variety stated on the label. For example, if a bottle of wine is labelled Merlot then it is a varietal wine, which means that it is made from at least 75% of the grape variety, merlot. U.S. federal law allows the remaining 25% of the wine to be made from any other grape varieties. this does not mean that all wineries do that, however. Some makers will make varietal wines from 100% of one grape variety. In addition, a wine may be legally allowed to be labelled as a varietal wine, but the winery may opt for a proprietary name such as Insignia from Joseph Phelps. One more thing, Oregon (perhaps other states too) require that if certain wines are made in its borders, they must be made from at least 90% of a single grape variety in order for a wine to be labelled as one made from a single grape variety, i.e. a "varietal wine". To sum it all up; variety refers to grapes used to make wines and varietal refers to truth in labelling of the wines.

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Q: When do you use 'varietal' versus 'variety'?
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