Really depends on year, engine, and what you're using it for. For a freight hauler running just a five axle unit, if you were to get a brand new one with the ISX, the engines of 450 horsepower or less for 2014 have their power band from 1250 to 1350 RPMs, so you might want to consider something like 3.36 rears with a .73 or .74 overdrive transmission, or possibly 2.93 or 2.85 rears with a .86 or .87 overdrive transmission. Then, there's always the I-Shift option, which is available only with a Volvo engine and comes with either a .9 overdrive ratio or a 1:1 direct drive ratio... If it were me, I'd probably go with the .9 and 2.64s, and just not use the big hole unless I was empty or loaded really light. But you should really talk to a Volvo rep about how to spec your truck... I wouldn't be the be-all, end-all source for that info... Volvo trucks aren't made for the lines of work I've been in.. they're aimed at freight haulers.
Assuming you're referring to a Volvo VNL 780 truck, with the double bunk sleeper, 12'6".
20/780
You'd have to contact Volvo customer service for this. IIRC, there were a couple different options for the 730 and 780.
The ratio is 1:10
with a fridge
96 inches.
Try seaking seal
39 to 50
Volvo dealership. Have fun with that... if you've never taken off a Volvo starter, you could be in for a lot of excitement.
16"
The ratio 780:220 can be simplified, just like a fraction, to 39:11 or 3.545:1. For example, if you had two liquids A & B that had to be mixed at a ratio of 780 to 220 you would mix 3.545 parts of liquid A for every 1 part of liquid B.
15,000 to 18,000 lbs., depending on options.