Exertional hypernatremia is a condition characterized by elevated sodium levels in the blood that occurs during or after intense physical activity, particularly in hot environments. It typically results from excessive fluid loss through sweating without adequate fluid replacement, leading to a relative increase in sodium concentration. This condition can lead to symptoms such as confusion, muscle cramps, and in severe cases, neurological complications. Proper hydration and electrolyte balance are crucial in preventing exertional hypernatremia during strenuous exercise.
Hypernatremia is especially dangerous for children and the elderly
Severe hypernatremia has a mortality rate of 40-60%
Hypernatremia can cause neurological damage due to shrinkage of brain cells
Severe hypernatremia, with serum sodium above 152 mM, can result in seizures and death
I think that exertional syncope is a kind of cardiac syncope. During exertion the patient with heart disease would be unable to supply enough oxygen to the brain, causing dizziness.
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High serum sodium levels