Impulse turbines, such as the Pelton wheel, have the advantage of being highly efficient in converting kinetic energy from high-pressure water jets into mechanical energy, making them ideal for high-head applications. They are less sensitive to variations in water flow, allowing for better performance in fluctuating conditions. However, their disadvantages include a limited operational range, as they require a specific water jet velocity, and they can be more complex in design and construction compared to other turbine types, potentially increasing installation and maintenance costs.
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The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is called Francis turbine
A diagram of an impulse turbine is in related links.
1) Impulse turbine 2) reaction turbine
A two stage impulse contains 2 stages. One stage is a stator and rotor, therefore a 2 stage impulse turbine contains a stator-rotor-stator-rotor.
No, an impulse turbine does not make use of a draft tube. In impulse turbines, the water is directed through nozzles to create high-velocity jets that strike the turbine blades, causing them to spin. Since the pressure is atmospheric at the exit of the turbine, a draft tube is not required to recover pressure or energy, as it is in reaction turbines.
Water is blasted at the buckets one by one or more jets mounted in the surroundings casing. Momentum is transferred from water to buckets and a torque is created, causing the wheel to rotate. That's why it is an impulse turbine.
In an impulse turbine, the stage is a set of moving blades behind the nozzle. In a reaction turbine, each row of blades is called a "stage." A single Curtis stage may consist of two or more rows of moving blades.
Basically governing of a turbine is controlling the speed of the turbine as the load keeps varying. The turbine needs to rotate at a constant speed. The governing of an impulse turbine is done by varying the jet of water that hits the buckets of the runner. This is done by using a spear arrangement in the pen stock. A pen stock is a type of pipe that provides the jet of water.
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