Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on the crises individuals face at different stages of life and how they shape personality. Kohlberg's theory of moral development, on the other hand, looks at how individuals develop their understanding of morality through stages of reasoning and moral dilemmas. While Erikson's theory is broader and includes both social and emotional development, Kohlberg's theory specifically focuses on moral reasoning.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on the interaction between nature (biological factors, like genetics and temperament) and nurture (environmental factors, like upbringing and social interactions). According to Erikson, these two forces shape an individual's development across different life stages. Erikson believed that a balance between nature and nurture was essential for healthy psychosocial development.
Erikson's main contribution to psychology was his developmental theory. Though Sigmund Freud influenced Erikson significantly, he believed that humans developed throughout their life span. However, Freud believed that our personality was shaped by age five.
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Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson were two theorists involved in the study of personality formation. Freud's psychoanalytic theory focused on the role of unconscious desires and early childhood experiences, while Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasized the impact of social relationships and life experiences on personality development across the lifespan.
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The theory created by Erik Erikson is known as the psychosocial theory of development. It emphasizes the influence of social experiences across the lifespan on an individual's psychological development and identity formation.
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Erikson's psychosocial theory suggests that personality development occurs throughout the lifespan, with key stages of development occurring at different points in life. The first five years are important for establishing a sense of trust and autonomy, but personality continues to evolve and develop beyond this period.
Theorists may argue that there are many unique ways to develop personalities in life and that Erikson doesn't account for adulthood in his 8 stages of development than infancy and childhood. His theories raise questions such as "Can a person rediscover themselves and change their understanding of the world in adulthood? Can a person change at all throughout their life?" because they suggest that there are only two paths of development for all humans; the well developed and the poorly developed.
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Freud's psychosexual theory emphasizes the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping personality, while Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses on how individuals resolve crises at different stages of life. Piaget's cognitive development theory highlights stages of cognitive growth from infancy to adolescence. While Freud focuses on unconscious drives, Erikson explores social and emotional development, and Piaget delves into cognitive processes.