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The Central Bank formulates a policy to expand or contract money supply in the economy after detailed analysis and estimation of the demand for money in the economy.The following instruments are used to conduct monetary policy in Kenya:

These days, the most important function of a central bank is to control the volume of credit for bringing about stability in the general price level and accomplishing various other socio economic objectives. The significance of this function has increased so much that for property understanding it. The central bank has acquired the rights and powers of controlling the entire banking.

A central bank can adopt various quantitative and qualitative methods for credit control such as bank rate, open market operation, changes in reserve ratio selective controls, moral situation etc.

  • Reserve Requirement: commercial banks are required by law to deposit 6% of their deposits with the CBK. This is used to influence the amount of loans banks can advance the public and thus affects the supply of money. An increase in this proportion reduces the amount of money available for commercial banks to lend while a reduction has the opposite effect.
  • Open Market Operations (OMO): Central Bank buys and sells Government securities in the money market in order to achieve a desired level of money in circulation. When the Central Bank sells securities, it reduces the supply of money and when it buys securities it increases the supply of money in the market.
  • Lending by the Central Bank: The Central Bank from time to time lends to commercial banks overnight when they fall short of funds thus affecting the amount of money in circulation and the amount deposited by banks at the CBK.
  • Moral Suasion: The Central Bank persuades commercial banks to make decisions or follow certain paths to achieve a desired result like changes in the level of credit to specific sectors of the economy.
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13y ago

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