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Generally we assume the real interest rate, r, to be negatively correlated with investment, I. Thus in the national income model, Y=C+I+G, we can assume an increase in r will lead to contraction in the economy.

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Q: How does change in interest rate effect investment demand and GDP?
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What is the effect of compound interest?

The effect of compound interest is that interest is earned on the accrued interest, as well as the principal amount.


What is the crowding-out effect?

A situation when increased interest rates lead to a reduction in private investment spending such that it dampens the initial increase of total investment spending is called crowding out effect


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How does a government budget surplus affect interest rates and investment and economic growth?

In a budget surplus the government receieves more tax than it spends (taxation>government spending), therefore the government will not need to rely on borrowing money from banks in order to funds its projects There is less demand for borrowed money Therefore in a demand a supply diagram for loanable funds, it can be shown that if demand decreases, the price of interest rates will also decrease. Investment becomes more cheaper, and would potentially increase investment, increasing economic growth. However, this effect is only minor compared to to the effect of increased taxing - this will reduce dispoable income of firms and consumers, reducing their ability to borrow funds.


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Why demand curve is horizontally curve?

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You want the characteristics of perfect inelastic demand curve?

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