Abnormal spolage is part of overhead expenses, as it is viewed as a cost of running the operation, rather than a direct cost.
Note that normal spoilage (uncontrolable) is part of COGS
selling expense
Shipping costs are typically not included in the cost of goods sold (COGS) unless they are directly related to the production or purchase of the goods being sold.
There will probably be a discrepancy if the statements use LIFO or FIFO. For instance, if a company uses LIFO and the price of the input was cheaper at an earlier time, then the COGS might be lower than the price paid for inputs during that time period and vice versa.
To calculate operating expenses from a balance sheet, you can subtract the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the total revenue. Operating expenses include items such as salaries, rent, utilities, and marketing costs. Subtracting COGS from revenue gives you the gross profit, and then subtracting operating expenses from the gross profit gives you the operating income.
Gross profit is profit before Selling, General and Administrative costs (SG&A), like depreciation and interest; it is the Sales less direct Cost of Goods (or services) Sold (COGS), Net profit after tax is after the deduction of either corporate tax (for a company) or income tax (for an individual).
selling expense
cost of goods sold... which is an expense.... when you see FOB freight in/out is and then is added to purchases later on to calculate COGS
COGS is expense account and all expenses has debit balance as default normal balance so COGS also has debit balance.
Selling expense or a part of SG&A
Research and development costs are typically considered an operating expense and are included in SG&A (Selling, General, and Administrative) expenses rather than cost of goods sold (COGS). This is because R&D expenses are incurred to create future benefits, such as new products or improved processes, rather than to directly produce goods for sale.
Operational expenditure is expense of "Operations" like insurance for the company or rent for a warehouse. Cost of goods sold is expense directly related to preparing something for sale. For example: A gas bill for a pizza oven, used to bake the pizzas sold, is a COGS.
If the question is "Should utilities such as power and phone be accounted for through Cost of Goods Sold?" the answer is no. Utilities are an expense.
what are cogs made out of
there isn't a exact number af cogs because there can be millions of cogs
The carriage inwards is an expense added to purchases under COGS. It is a credit entry in the icome statement, thus it reduces the gross profit
Expense accounts should always be debit balances. The only exception is when you are recording discounts received on purchases in a separate account than the COGS account used for purchases. Discounts should be shown as a COGS account so that it is netted against purchases, and will have a credit balance. But even in this case, the total of all COGS accounts should be a debit balance.
Freight-in is not considered an asset; rather, it is an expense that relates to the cost of transporting goods purchased by a company. This cost is typically included in the cost of inventory on the balance sheet until the inventory is sold. Once the inventory is sold, the freight-in cost contributes to the cost of goods sold (COGS) on the income statement. Therefore, while it affects the value of inventory, freight-in itself is classified as an expense in accounting terms.