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The use of money and banks that lent to merchants were key characteristics of European trade during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. This banking system facilitated commerce by providing credit to merchants, enabling them to finance larger trade ventures and reduce reliance on cash transactions. The establishment of banks, such as the Medici in Florence, helped to standardize currency and improve the overall efficiency of trade across Europe. These financial innovations contributed to the growth of a more interconnected economy and laid the groundwork for modern capitalism.

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