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"Under conditions of low light, iris muscles contract to dilate the pupils (those of many deep-sea sharks are permanently dilated, to capture what little light flickers in their realm of perpetual darkness); under high light conditions, the iris muscles relax and the pupil contracts. As unimpressive as this may seem to humans, accustomed to having their pupils dilate and contract continually, realize that no teleost fish can do this - which explains why most bony fishes always seem to be staring blankly into next week. Pupil contraction can also increase a shark's visual depth of field (range of depths that are in focus), in much the same way as we can extend our focal range under harsh light conditions by squinting.

Although many sharks have eyes with slit-like pupils, those of the Great White appear dark as buttons of onyx. Yet if one looks into the eye of a living individual from up close, internal structure can be discerned. The pupil is circular, the iris dark and ringed with a spectral hint of midnight blue. Although the eyes can be rotated within their sockets, when relaxed and not obviously tracking an object, a White Shark's eyes seem to be oriented forward and down. This orientation may explain why these animals often cruise past a caged diver slightly above his or her eye-level: the better to visually inspect the strange, bubbling biped." -Elasmo Research

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