Male
The gender of the offspring is determined by the male parent, specifically through the sperm. Human males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. When a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the resulting offspring is female (XX), and when a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, the offspring is male (XY). Thus, it is the combination of the sperm's chromosome that ultimately determines the gender.
A cross between two individuals that are homozygous for different alleles will only produce heterozygous offspring. This is because each parent can only donate one type of allele, resulting in all offspring being heterozygous for that particular gene.
The term "heterozygous" refers to an organism that has two different alleles for a specific gene, one inherited from each parent. This genetic variation can result in diverse traits and characteristics. In contrast to homozygous individuals, who have identical alleles for a gene, heterozygous organisms may display a dominant phenotype or a mix of traits, depending on the nature of the alleles involved.
This is not a matter of how many it's a matter of chance in terms of percentages. In this example, any bull that is horned is ONLY homozygous, both phenotypically AND genotypically, for horned because the horned gene in cattle is recessive. The polled (non-horned) characteristic in cattle is a dominant trait both phenotypically and genotypically. So that means that any horned parent that breeds a homozygous polled parent will have offspring that are ALL polled. The only way you will get horned offspring is one of two ways: a horned sire mates with a horned dam, or, a hetero polled sire mates with a hetero polled dam (resulting in a much smaller chance than the first way). The question above is answered as followed:Homozygous Horned (Hereford) bull x Homozygous Polled female = 100% Polled offspring.I cannot use the Punnett square on this site, but if you use it on a piece of paper you will see that 100% of all offspring are polled. But notice that genotypically they are HETEROZYGOUSLY polled. This means they are polled physically, but in their genes their offspring have a 50% chance, should this offspring be bred to a horned partner, of having either horned offspring or polled offspring. If the offspring of the above cross were bred to a polled partner, the results would be 50% hetero polled and 50% homozygously polled. AND, if the above offspring were bred also to a hetero polled partner, you would get, phenotypically, 75% polled and 25% horned. Genotypically, this is 25% homozygously polled, 50% hetero polled, and 25% homozygously horned.See, the most a cow can have in her lifetime is 20 calves. There is no way that she can have 100 or so calves in her lifetime to see this example work out. Producers have to go by chances of an event happening when selectively breeding cattle, not how many.
100% because BB is dominant over bb and all the crosses make Bb
Male
They will produce gametes that are also homozygous.
100% of the offspring will display the dominant trait because the homozygous dominant parent can only pass on the dominant allele. The offspring will inherit one dominant allele from the dominant parent and one recessive allele from the recessive parent, resulting in a heterozygous genotype expressing the dominant trait.
If one parent is homozygous dominant (AA) and the other parent is homozygous recessive (aa), all offspring will inherit one dominant allele and display the dominant phenotype. Therefore, the probability of their offspring exhibiting the dominant phenotype is 100%.
The dominant parent is most likely homozygous dominant, and the recessive parent has only the homozygous genotype. So the dominant parent can pass on only dominant alleles for this trait, and the recessive parent can pass on only recessive alleles for this trait. So all of the offspring would be heterozygous and have the dominant phenotype.
The offspring's genotype will be AA. Both parents are homozygous dominant, AA, having only dominant alleles to pass on to their offspring. So each parent can pass on only the dominant allele (A) to its offspring. So the offspring will also be homozygous dominant, AA.
When you say homozygous, you're talking about genes. It's almost impossible, or not known, if a human has had genes of all homozygousity.
If one parent is homozygous dominant for all traits (carrying two dominant alleles for each trait), and the other parent is heterozygous (carrying one dominant and one recessive allele for each trait), there would be a 100% chance that the baby would inherit the dominant alleles from the homozygous dominant parent. Therefore, the baby would also be heterozygous for all the traits, carrying one dominant and one recessive allele for each trait.
If the parent generation consisted of a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, then the F1 generation would be 100% heterozygous.
Rr
A heterozygous cross.Tt X TtOne homozygous dominant--TTTwo heterozygous dominant---TtOne homozygous recessive--ttAll on a statistical average outcome.
The only possible outcome is EeWw, which will express the dominant genes but carry the recessive ones. They get one chromosome from each parent, but since the parents all have matching chromsomes in this case then it doesn't matter which one they get. Since one parent has EE, E is the only one that can be passed on. Since the other has ee, they can only pass on e. Therefore, the child can only possible have Ee, as they get one from each parent.