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When a fish is out of water, the lamellae and filaments in its gills collapse due to the lack of water pressure and the drying effects of air. This collapse reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, making it difficult for the fish to extract oxygen. Additionally, the gill tissues can become damaged or necrotic if exposed to air for extended periods, further impairing respiratory function. As a result, fish can quickly experience stress or suffocation when removed from their aquatic environment.
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Fish can extract oxygen from water using what?
Fish have lamellae in their gills. As the water flows through the gills and over the lamellae, the oxygen is extracted from the water.
What do fishes use their gills to do?
Fish's gills are made up of a gill bar, gill filaments, gill rakers and gill lamellae. The gill filaments are "stacked" along the the gill bar and the gill lamellae stick out of the filaments at right angles. Deoxygenated blood is carried down the gill bar and into the gill filaments. It then flows through the lamellae and back down the other side of the filament, into the gill bar where the now oxygenated blood gets carried off for use. The way oxygen is diffused into the lamellae is through a countercurrent exchange system. The fish takes in water through the mouth, and pushes it over the the gill filaments and lamellae. The direction of blood flow through the filaments and lamellae is in the opposite direction to the water being forced over them. This means that there is always a good diffusion gradient and the maximum amount of oxygen can be absorbed. If the concurrent exchange system was used, whereby the water and blood would flow in the same direction, only about half of the oxygen in the water would be able to be absorbed. The water is now forced back out of the fish through the operculum.
How do fish allows gaseous exchange?
Gills have numerous folds that give them a very large surface area.The rows of gill filaments have many protrusions called gill lamellae. The folds are kept supported and moist by the water that is continually pumped through the mouth and over the gills.
Through which organ do fish get oxygen?
Those would be the gills. which are composed of many filaments. Gill filaments have rows of thin, vertical lamellae with many capillaries covered by a single layer of cells. Gills are really thin.
Do fish pass gas?
Gas exchange in fish involves the gills. The gills are on either side of a fish's mouth, and they're made up of a curved gill arch attached with a v-shaped double row of gill filaments. These gill filaments have on them little bumps called lamellae and it's in these that gas exchange takes place. The Lamellae are very small, only a few cells wide and have a very thin surface for gases to diffuse through into the capillary network, so oxygen can be circulated around the body to cells. Since there are so many gill filaments and so many lamellae on them the surface area for gas exchange to take place is huge. The disadvantages of gas exchange in fish is that gas exchange occurs underwater. Water has much less oxygen dissolved in it than air, and it has 50% more viscosity so it's more resistant to flow. Bony fish have overcome these problems by adaptions 1) Having a counter current circulation of blood in the lamellae, which means that the water that flows over the lamellae meets the most deoxygenated blood which is flowing in the opposite direction to the water. Oxygen in the water then diffuses into the deoxygenated blood through a concentration gradient. The water moves along the lamellae and loses more oxygen as it goes on. Carbon dioxide is also diffused out of the fish in this way. The deoxygenated blood starts off with plenty of carbon dioxide which it doesn't want, and travels along in the opposite direction to the water coming in. The carbon dioxide then diffuses out of the blood to the water which has a much lower CO2 concentration. Losing more CO2 as it goes on and gaining more O2 so in the end the blood is fully oxygenated. This gas exchange system is extremely efficient for the fish and enables it to extract 80% of the available O2 from water as opposed to humans who can only extract 25% from the air. 2)The water is continuously flowing over the gills in what's called a one-way flow, this means there's no dead space like in human lungs. The other problem with gas exchange under water is that temperature affects the rate of oxygen diffusion greatly. A higher water temperature means less oxygen dissolved, and a lower temperature means more. So fish cannot survive very well in waters of high temperature. Also the gill filaments are supported by the buoyancy of the waters so that water can flow between them, but in air the gill filaments stick together. Counter current flow only occurs in bony fish (eg goldfish, snapper) not in cartilaginous fish (sharks).
What is the main component of the gills of a fish?
The main component of fish gills are thin, filamentous structures called lamellae. These lamellae are covered in small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, allowing the fish to extract oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide.
How does the thickness of lamellae affect the oxygen uptake by a fish's gills?
Osmoregulation is the maintenance of constant pressure of osmosis in the fluids of an organism. This helps the flow of water through the gills to keep entering the cells, rather than pulling out the water, which helps to bring in the needed oxygen.
Why do bony fish have many gill filaments?
Bony fish have many gill filaments because they use them to breathe. They are also used to transfer things like water and ions.
How is respetory gas exchange maximised in fish gills?
Gills are composed of thousands of filaments which are covered in lamellae (only a few cells thick and contain blood capillaries). This creates a large surface area and a short distance for gas exchange.
What type of gases do fish exchange while breathing?
Fish pull water in through their gills and filter it in the gill rakers. Then the water is forced through the gill filaments. These project out into the flow of the water, allowing the water to cross the lamellae. This results in what is called the "gas exchange". This is when oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. The oxygen enters the blood stream directly when it moves over the capillary membrane. The carbon dioxide leaves the body with the flow of water out the operculum. For more details, please see the sites listed below.
What are fish gills?
Fish gills are respiratory organs that allow fish to extract oxygen from water. They are made up of thin filaments that are highly vascularized, allowing for efficient exchange of gases. As water flows over the gill filaments, oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released.
How do fish get oxygen from under water?
Fish gills contain rows upon rows of lamellae, which are thin, disc-like membranes loaded with a capillary network. The water flows across the lamellae, and oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly across the capillary membrane. Humans have similar capillary interchange sites in the lungs, and the gas exchange occurs in much the same fashion, only the fluid from which we get our oxygen is air, whereas fish get their (dissolved) oxygen from the water.
