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In designing flocculation tanks, several factors should be considered. They are :

i. Flexibility which should include alternative flocculant aid application and the capabiluty to vary velocity gradient.

ii. To minimise short circuiting, a minimum of three compartments in series should be provided.

iii. Type of coagulants used

iv. Provosion of space for furture increase in the number of flocculation tanks when upgrading the treatment plant

v. A minimum of two tanks to be built in any treatment plant

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What is flocculation?

Flocculation is one step in the water and wastewater treatment process. In a flocculation tank, the water is stirred or otherwise moved around so that the particles move around, bump into other particles, and stick to one another. Eventually the small and difficult to remove particles in the water form large clumps which can then be easily removed. Chemicals (most commonly "alum") are often added to the water going into a flocculation tank to help aid particle formation.


What is flocculate?

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A flocculant, such as alum or polyacrylamide, is added to water to cause flocculation. These chemicals help to aggregate suspended particles in the water, making them easier to remove through filtration or settling processes.


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Degree of flocculation is mainly related to ability of flocculating agent too form "flocs" in suspension. Higher the degree of flocculation, better the agent.


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To improve flocculation, you can optimize the dosage of flocculants based on water quality characteristics, adjust the pH to the optimum range for flocculation, and provide proper mixing to ensure effective flocculation throughout the process. Additionally, controlling the settling time and using coagulants can also enhance flocculation efficiency.


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