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In alcohol production microorganisms selection to some extent depends on the type of carbohydrate present in the media. The microorganisms responsible for alcoholic fermentation of molasses are yeast species of Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, Kloekera, Candida, and certain species of Mucor and bacteria. The most important among them are the yeast species belonging to genus Saccharomyces.

It is an anaerobic process.Microorganisms utilize the carbohydrate present in the raw materials (e.g. molasses) to obtain energy for growth and metabollic activities, leading to the formation of alcohol. Monosaccharides (hexoses) are directly fermented. Diassacharides aare first hydrolyzed to hexoses, and then fermented to form carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

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