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Samuel de Champlain,Like Cartier a century before him, Samuel de Champlain originally set out to find riches for France and a route to the Orient. From 1603 to his death in 1635, Champlain crossed the Atlantic Ocean many times. Through these voyages he accomplished a great deal.

His skills as a cartographer (map-maker) provided detailed maps of the Atlantic coast, the waterways of the St. Lawrence and its tributaries, and a view of the interior of the continent that had, until then, not been available to Europeans.

In his initial voyages, he explored the coastal regions of eastern North America. He founded a settlement at Québec City, the first permanent settlement for Europeans in what was to become Canada. He established a military alliance with the Huron people.

In 1609 he joined them in an attack near a lake that would eventually bear his name. In this attack, Champlain used his arquebus (an early type of shotgun). He loaded it with two rounds of shot and fired it into the group of Iroquois attacking his party.

This one shot instantly killed two Iroquois chiefs. The attacking force, not ever having experienced anything like this before, retreated, giving the victory to the Huron alliance.

Over the next 20 years Champlain worked tirelessly to build a colony for France. By the time of his death, he had established the basis of a successful colony, and Champlain's legacy as the "Father of New France" was secured.

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