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Mohammed's death was actually a detriment to the early spread of Islam.

Most importantly, the death of Muhammad split the Muslims into two political factions over who should succeed him as Caliph or leader of the Muslims. There were a large minority who supported Mohammed's nephew 'Ali and were called Shi'at 'Ali (شيغة علي) and a majority who supported Mohammed's father-in-law, Abu Bakr. They argued about who should be Caliph after Muhammad's death with the majority winning out. This division still exists as the majority have become the Sunnis and term Shi'at Ali has contracted to Shiites in modern terminology.

However, once the succession had been resolved, 'Ali asked his supporters to remain loyal to Caliph Abu Bakr and the two political groups remained relatively allied until the Islamic Civil War 30 years later. A more pressing issue would face Caliph Abu Bakr, though. A large minority of Arab tribes had seen converting to Islam as a loyalty pact to Mohammed as opposed to an eternal religion. As a result, when Mohammed died, they considered themselves "released" from Islam. Caliph Abu Bakr was then forced to fight a civil war in Arabia to reunify the seceding Arab tribes into a unified Islamic region. It was not until Caliph Abu Bakr had quelled this dissent that Islam could spread under his successor, Caliph 'Omar.

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