I think it is the whole ideology. It recognized everybody to be the same standard. That is Mohammad himself his somebody like anyother person. Anyone can lead prayer. Specially at that time it came like a social revelution which includes human rights. It is funny but true that at that time Mohammad introduced women voting etc. Later they become very advanced in Science and technology which made this religeon attactive.
successful
Islam as a religion expanded as the Islamic Empires expanded through conquest and where Islamic merchants met with receptive cultures outside of the Islamic Empires.
the river is the Indus river :)
Probably Iran or Turkey.
beaue they traded to many countries and charged heavily on goods
In 1492 the Islamic Empire finally left Spain but i dont know when it began.
The primary direction of Islamic expansion from the Arabian peninsula was towards the West, specifically into North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal). This expansion also reached eastward into Persia (modern-day Iran) and beyond.
The battle at Tours, France led by Charlemagne (I think it was Charlemagne) prevented Islamic expansion.
When the Abbassids came to power, they inherited all of the contemporaneous Islamic territories with the exception of Islamic Spain. They quickly lost many of those territories, but at the time of their successful insurrection they had nearly all Islamic territories.
basicslly the expansion of ottoman turks changed everything... they killed and raped
Countries with Imperial Monarchies were often guilty of using aggressive expansion and colonialism. European nations, Asian nations and Islamic nations all practiced this method of expansion. The largest expansion that ever happened in history was the violent expansion done by Genghis Khan.
Arab Traders were responsible for proselytizing Islam beyond the borders of the various Caliphates, allowing for the peaceable expansion of Islam and, therefore, the Islamic World.