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Characteristics of a RISC architecture:

  • Emphasis on software;
  • Single-clock, reduced instruction only;
  • Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, demanding less decoding;
  • Identical general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used in any context, simplifying compiler design;
  • Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations;
  • Typically larger code sizes;
  • Few data types in hardware;

Characteristics of a CISC architecture:

  • Emphasis on hardware;
  • Includes multi-clock complex instructions;
  • Small code sizes;
  • Complex data types in hardware; some CISCs have byte string instructions, or support complex numbers
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