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Wendell Stanley made significant contributions to virology by being the first to crystallize a virus, specifically the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), in 1935. This groundbreaking work provided key insights into the structure and properties of viruses, demonstrating that they could be isolated and studied in a pure crystalline form. His research laid the foundation for future studies in virology and contributed to the understanding of viral composition and behavior. Stanley's work ultimately earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946.
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Why do the viruses evolve as if they were alive?
Viruses are not living things. Viruses are complicated assemblies of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, but on their own they can do nothing until they enter a living cell. Without cells, viruses would not be able to multiply. Therefore, viruses are not living things. When a virus encounters a cell, a series of chemical reactions occur that lead to the production of new viruses. These steps are completely passive, that is, they are predefined by the nature of the molecules that comprise the virus particle. Viruses don't actually 'do' anything. Often scientists and non-scientists alike ascribe actions to viruses such as employing, displaying, destroying, evading, exploiting, and so on. These terms are incorrect because viruses are passive, completely at the mercy of their environment
When do viruses evolve?
Viruses evolve primarily when they replicate and undergo mutations during their replication process. This can occur in response to environmental pressures, such as host immune responses or antiviral treatments. Additionally, viruses can exchange genetic material with other viruses through reassortment or recombination, leading to significant evolutionary changes. Overall, the rapid replication rates and high mutation frequencies of viruses facilitate their evolutionary adaptability.
How do viruses rapidly evolve?
Viruses rapidly evolve through high mutation rates, particularly in RNA viruses, where replication errors occur frequently. This genetic variability allows for quick adaptation to environmental pressures, such as host immune responses or antiviral treatments. Additionally, processes like recombination and reassortment can create new viral strains by mixing genetic material from different viruses, further accelerating evolution. These factors enable viruses to adapt swiftly and maintain their survival in changing conditions.
Is Pokemon battle arena safe?
well, i dont know, but so far, for me, i got no viruses.
Are viri alive?
Viruses are not considered alive by most biologists because they lack the characteristics that define living organisms, such as cellular structure and the ability to reproduce independently. They can only replicate inside a host cell, hijacking the host's machinery to produce more viruses. Additionally, viruses do not carry out metabolic processes on their own. However, they do exhibit some characteristics of life when they infect a host, leading to ongoing debates about their status as living entities.
What has the author Wendell Meredith Stanley written?
Wendell Meredith Stanley has written: 'Viruses and the nature of life' -- subject(s): Viruses
What Nobel Prize did Wendell Meredith Stanley win and when was it awarded?
Wendell Meredith Stanley won The Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946.
What did Wendell Stanley's work suggest about the nature of viruses?
Wendell Stanley's work suggested that viruses are distinct infectious agents that are neither alive nor strictly non-living. His work helped demonstrate that viruses consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, challenging the traditional classification of viruses as either living organisms or chemicals.
Is it true wendell Stanley discovered that the tobacco mosaic virus was not an organism but was chemical in nature?
Yes, that is correct. Wendell Stanley discovered in 1935 that the tobacco mosaic virus was not a living organism but a chemical entity made up of protein and nucleic acids. This discovery helped pave the way for our understanding of viruses as infectious agents.
How are computer viruses carried?
Through Computers.
Viruses are often carried to the host through the?
Viruses are often carried to the host through the air, bodily fluids, or contact with contaminated surfaces. They can enter the host's body through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with mucous membranes or broken skin. Once inside the body, viruses can replicate and cause infection.
What characteristics of all organisms and viruses are determined by the instructions are carried in?
nucleic acids
What work Drlam sai kit?
became senior consultant virologist, head of department, university of malaya carried out research on viruses published many articles about viruses
How was the virus discovered?
Viruses were identified as non-bacterial toxic agents by many researchers beginning with Louis Pasteur in the 1870's, Charles Chamberland in 1884, and Dimitri Ivanovsky in 1892. Viruses were different because they could penetrate filters that stopped bacteria. Martinus Beijerinck defined the virus as a nucleotide particle rather than a fluid in 1898. It was not until 1935 that Wendell Stanley was able to crystallize viral particles and they were imaged for the first time using an electron microscope in 1939.
The characteristics of all organisms and viruses are determined by the instructions carried in what?
The characteristics of all organisms and viruses are determined by the instructions carried in their genetic material, which is primarily composed of DNA or RNA. This genetic material encodes the information necessary for growth, development, and functioning. In organisms, DNA is organized into genes that dictate traits, while in viruses, RNA or DNA contains the instructions for replication and infection.
What do viruses that cause physical diseases infect?
It depends on what kind of virus. Viruses can infect any cell in the human body. Viruses such as HIV infect the immune system; air-born viruses, such as H1N1 or a cold, infect the respiratory system; neurological viruses, like rabies infect the brain (the virus is usually carried to it by peripheral nerves); and viruses like polio effect the nervous system, which can create paralysis.
What is the importance of antivirus?
Anti-viruses are very important, as they protect your computer from MOST (not all) viruses and other malicious programs.
