the Morley Minto reforms took place in 1909 morlley was secretary off state for India in london and lord Minto the vicceroy. These reforms were the second great step towards eventual independance.
# The law allowed the Indians to take part in the election of the various legislative councils in India for the first time. The majority of this council was appointed by British Government. And also the constituency was limited to specific classes of Indian nationals.
# The introduction of the electoral from Indians was though against the intent of Morley, but could effectively establish the groundwork for a parliamentary system. Burke and Quraishi remarked: "To Lord Curzon`s apprehension that the new Councils could become `parliamentary bodies in miniature`, Morley vehemently replied that, `if it could be said that this chapter of reforms led directly or indirectly to the establishment of a parliamentary system in India, I for one would have nothing at all to do with it`. But he had already confessed in a letter to Minto in June 1906 that while it was inconceivable to adapt English political institutions to the `nations who inhabit India...the spirit of English institutions is a different thing and it is a thing that we cannot escape, even if we wished...because the British constituencies are the masters, and they will assuredly insist.. .all parties alike.. .on the spirit of their own political system being applied to India.` He never got down to explaining how the spirit of the British system of government could be achieved without its body."
# Muslim leaders of India demanded the laws to be conditioned and they would have to face Hindu majority and expressed serious concern and protested against the law. They demanded the law to be `first past the post` type.
# As a result of this the minority Muslim community was allotted reserved seats in Municipal and District Boards, in the Provincial Councils and in the Imperial Legislature.
# The number of reserved seat was more than their percentage in the relative population (twenty five percent of total Indian population).
# Only Muslims should vote for Muslim candidates (Separate Electorate).
These concessions for Muslim community brought about a constant conflict during the years 1909-47. British rulers generally encouraged communal difference through these reserved seats, as the Muslim candidates did not have to appeal for Hindu votes and vice versa. As later on British Government transferred more powers to Indian politicians through the acts of 1919 and 1935, this Hindu-Muslim divisibility increased furthermore which hindered the natural harmony that prevailed in India before.
Altogether , Ayub Khan ruled for 11 yrs and people got against him , so after completing his 10 yrs he reformed , 1.Social Reforms 2.Agricultural Reforms 3.Industrial Reforms 4.Educational Reforms
The effect that the Marius's reforms had on the loyalty of the legionaries was that it shifted the loyalty of legionaries from the government to the general. It is also stated that the Marian reforms of 107 BC was a group of military reforms that was initiated by Gaius Marius.
because he can
Many of Frederick II's reforms helped give the poor more upward mobility and ease their conditions. However, he was not able to entirely do away with the serf system and the upper class was still offered a great deal of favoritism and protection that the lower class was not. Additionally, his religious freedom reforms did not include Jewish people, who were legally discriminated against under his rule.
Deng Xiaoping
what is economics reforms
Agricultural reforms.
what are the reforms he do
Altogether , Ayub Khan ruled for 11 yrs and people got against him , so after completing his 10 yrs he reformed , 1.Social Reforms 2.Agricultural Reforms 3.Industrial Reforms 4.Educational Reforms
The military reforms known as the Marian Reforms took place at 107 BCE
Governmental reforms and liberalism have led to
Ataturks reforms in turkey led him to ?
Land Reform
He banned slavery reforms
Solon made political reforms in Athens.
the reforms of education
Proposal on reforms to Russia's Laws