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Answer 1
This is incorrect, please read the book All the Shah's Men for a good understanding of how the Shah or Iran was put into power and how he was thrown out. Ayatollah Khomeini was a leader of a religious and political uprising that was cultivated by the actions of the United States fledgling CIA ie Kermit Roosevelt.
Answer 2
There is a supposition in this question that is partially incorrect, namely that the primary or most important people to overthrow the Shah were fundamentalist Muslims led by the Ayatollah Khomeini. This is not the case. The Iranian people, most of them traditional or secular Muslims revolted all across Iran. The Religious Fundamentalists were a minority of those Iranians who were protesting. When the Shah abdicated, there was an intent to create a Republic that represented the Iranian People. However, between April and October of 1979 (after the Shah had already departed the country and the Islamic Republic of Iran declared) the Ayatollahs were able to consolidate power and create the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran which vested the Religious Fundamentalists with political power.
Iranians in general were opposed to the Shah and opposed him from nearly every political perspective. These include:
- Some said that the Shah was not religious enough
- Some believed that the Shah's policies were too oppressive
- Some believed that the Shah was modernizing without preserving Iran's cultural heritage and others were angry that he was moving too slowly
- Some believed that the Shah was a sellout to foreign interests and others believed his foreign focuses were too narrow.
- Some believed that the Shah did not grant women enough rights and others thought that women had too many rights.
- Some believed that the Shah should have encouraged more middle class growth and others believe he should have put more capital into industry.
- Some wanted more privatization and others wanted more nationalization.
As concerns the specific reasons for the Iranian protests and the eventual revolution, they were numerous:
Wealth & Employment Issues: Most importantly was the wealth inequality between the Shah and the nobility and common Iranian citizen. There was immense poverty throughout the country and high unemployment, underemployment, low wages, and few protections for laborers.
Religious Conservatism: Most Iranians were religiously conservative (similar to the American Bible-belt as opposed to the Fundamentalists) and resisted the Shah's Westernization and Secularization movements in Iran. The Shah made clear that religion was not important to him as a ruler, whereas it was a concern among the people.
Puppet to Foreigners: The Shah was also seen as a Western puppet, especially when the CIA overthrew the Iranian President Mossadegh in 1953 to re-install the Shah of Iran and considering how Iran profited very little from its own petroleum.
Brutal Secret Police: The Shah had a notorious secret police called the SAVAK which harassed people and killed scores of others.
Authoritarianism: Iranians wanted to be in control of their own affairs. Iranians wanted some form of self-government or democracy. The Shah was an authoritarian who prevented people from expressing their own opinions.
Issue for Fundamentalists: Particularly in the fundamentalist camp, the fundamentalists in Iran felt that the Shah epitomized a Western culture of greed and materialism, because he tried to establish a more secular government. As with many rulers, he accumulated vast personal wealth. He also employed various means to suppress political dissent. It was ultimately the exiled Ayatollah Khomeini who in 1979 succeeded the Shah and established an Islamic religious government.
Note: The fact that these grievances existed does not mean that the Islamic Republic of Iran afterwards "fixed" these problems.
What else can I help you with?
Did the Ayatollah Khomeini rule Iraq during the 1980s and was he an ally of the US?
NO. Ayatollah Khomeini ruled IRAN in the 1980s and was a determined ENEMY of the United States.
In what year did Ayatollah Khomeni take over the government of Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini took over the Iranian government in 1979.
How is the ayatollah chosen in Iran?
The ayatollah is chosen by the Assembly of Experts.
What role did the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini play in toppling the Shah from power in 1979?
There is an implication in this question that is partially incorrect, namely that the primary or most important people to overthrow the Shah were fundamentalist Muslims led by Ayatollah Khomeini. This is not the case. The Iranian people, most of them traditional or secular Muslims revolted all across Iran. The Religious Fundamentalists were a minority of those Iranians who were protesting. When the Shah abdicated, there was an intent to create a Republic that represented the Iranian People. However, between April and October of 1979 (after the Shah had already departed the country and the Islamic Republic of Iran declared) Ayatollah Khomeini was able to consolidate power for himself and the other Ayatollahs and create the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran which vested the Religious Fundamentalists with political power.
Who replaced the shah as leader of irah in 1979?
In 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini replaced the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, as the leader of Iran following the Islamic Revolution. Khomeini, a prominent religious leader and political figure, established an Islamic Republic, marking a significant shift in the country's governance from a monarchy to a theocratic system. His leadership was characterized by the implementation of Islamic law and a strong opposition to Western influence.
What did the Ayatollah Khomeini establish in Iran?
the Ayatollah Khomeini is leader of islamic revolution in iran .he, however was the religious authority ,mystics and great jurist.
What was the Name of Ayatollah that was exiled from Iran in 1964?
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Why did Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini preach hatred of Americans?
Ayatollah Khomeini was convinced that America has colonized Iran and the Shah of Iranis America's puppet government.
Who was brought to power in 1979 in Iran through a radical revolution?
The King Mohammed Reva Shah Pahlavi was dethroned and replaced with the Islamic Republic of Iran and its leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
Who is ayatollah khomeini's wife?
Khadijeh Saqafi was the wife of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Saqafi was known as the "mother of the Islamic Revolution" within Iran.
Who headed the revolution that overthrew the government of Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini.
Who was the first Ayatollah of Iran?
Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini in 1979.
Who led Muslim fundamentalist in Iran?
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Did the Ayatollah Khomeini rule Iraq during the 1980s and was he an ally of the US?
NO. Ayatollah Khomeini ruled IRAN in the 1980s and was a determined ENEMY of the United States.
What year did Ayatollah Khomeini come to power in Iran?
1979 with the overthrow of the shah's government.
What title or role is Ayatollah Khomeini in the government have?
the late Imam Khomeini was the great leader of Islamic republic of Iran.
What are the contributions of ayatollah khomeini?
Ayatollah Khomeini led the Islamic Fundamentalists in the wider Iranian Revolution in 1979 and was able to consolidate power behind him to create the Islamic Theocracy that is Iran.
