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Cushing's Syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by an abnormally high circulating level of corticosteroid hormones. It may be produced by an adrenal gland tumor causing excessive secretion of corticosteroids, a prolonged administration of corticosteroid drugs, or by an enlargement of both adrenal glands, due to a pituitary tumor (known as Cushings disease). Corticosteroid drugs are widely used for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and Asthma.
Cushing's syndrome may occur at any age, but is most common in middle age. Most cases today are caused by excessive, prolonged use of corticosteroid drugs, but these cases are usually mild. The patient is often described as having cushingoid features rather than full-blown Cushing's syndrome. Cushings is more likely to strike women than men, but a small percentage of men do get it.
Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome: face appears round and red, the trunk tends to become obese with a humped upper back and the limbs become wasted. Acne may develop and purple stretch marks may appear on the abdomen, thighs and breasts. The skin is thin and bruises easily. The bones become weakened and are at increased risk of fracturing. Women may become increasingly hairy. The patients are more susceptible to infection and may suffer from stomach or duodenal ulcers. Mental changes often occur, including depression, paranoia and sometimes euphoria. Insomnia may be a problem. Patients may develop hypertension and edema. About one-fifth of all patients develop Diabetes mellitus. In children, Cushing's syndrome can suppress growth.
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