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In the 1989 performance of "Candide," Leonard Bernstein substituted the word "freedom" for "joy" to emphasize a more profound and relevant message in the context of the time. This change reflected a desire to resonate with contemporary issues surrounding personal and political freedom, particularly in light of the global socio-political landscape of the late 1980s. Bernstein, a passionate advocate for social justice, aimed to convey a message that transcended the original text, making it more impactful for the audience.

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