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BEHAVIORISM
yeahh..
A nonexample of "infer" would be simply stating a fact without drawing any conclusions. For instance, if someone says, "The sky is blue," they are presenting a direct observation rather than inferring anything from it. In this case, there is no interpretation or deduction being made based on that statement.
Being bouyant.
Empirical is defined in the oxford dictionary as something based on experience or observation rather than logic. For data to be considered empirical it does not need to be fact. It is often used interchangeably with first hand experience. Therein, one could say that empirical findings are extrapolated anecdotal data, as anecdotal is also defined as being based on personal experience rather than facts. Theoretical evidence would explicitly oppose empirical evidence because it is based on calculation and cannot be opinionated. It is meant to be concise and eliminate ambiguity which empirical or anecdotal evidence can not.
fallacy
The statement "the damage at this scene was caused by an explosion" is an inference rather than an observation. An observation is a direct, factual statement based on sensory data, while an inference involves interpreting or drawing a conclusion based on observations. In this case, the statement goes beyond direct sensory data to make a conclusion about the cause of the damage, making it an inference.
Inference is similar to "jumping to a conclusion". It is the reasoning involved in concluding something on the basis of circumstantial evidence or prior experience rather than personal observation.
"The unknown gas is the most reactive gas known to date." This statement represents a conclusion because it infers the overall assessment or interpretation of the experimental data, rather than a direct observation made during the investigation.
BEHAVIORISM
Empirical knowledge is the name for the body of knowledge obtained through methods based on systematic observation. This type of knowledge relies on direct experience and evidence, rather than just theory or speculation.
The word you are looking for is "speculation." Speculation involves forming conclusions based on assumptions rather than direct evidence or observation.
To infer means to deduce or conclude something based on evidence or reasoning rather than direct observation or explicit information. It involves drawing a logical conclusion from available information or clues.
Gestalt psychology emphasizes understanding the whole rather than the sum of its parts and focuses on how individuals perceive and experience the world as meaningful patterns. It places importance on direct observation of behavior and the environment, rather than introspection or breaking experiences into isolated elements. Gestalt psychologists would be interested in how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to create meaningful perceptions and experiences.
a posteriori means it argues from experience (empirical evidence) to a conclusion. for example the design arguments claims that there is order in the world (experience) and then concludes that there must be a God who designed this (the conclusion)
Empirical evidence is based on direct observation or experience rather than theory or logic. It is verifiable through experimentation or observation and can be used to support or refute hypotheses. Empirical evidence is often used in scientific research to make conclusions based on real-world data.
Empirical evidence refers to information that is gained through observation, experience, or experimentation. It is data that is collected from direct observations or experiences, rather than through theoretical reasoning or speculation. Empirical evidence is considered valuable in scientific research and decision-making because it provides reliable and verifiable information.