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BEHAVIORISM
A hypothesis itself does not have a conclusion; rather, it is a testable statement or prediction that can be evaluated through experimentation or observation. After conducting research, the results lead to a conclusion about the validity of the hypothesis, determining whether it is supported or refuted. Thus, while a hypothesis is a starting point, the conclusion comes later in the scientific process.
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A synonym for "infer" is "deduce." Both terms involve drawing a conclusion based on available evidence or reasoning rather than direct statements. Other synonyms include "conclude" and "derive."
Qualitative observation synonyms include descriptive observation, subjective observation, and interpretative observation. These terms emphasize the focus on qualities, characteristics, and descriptions rather than numerical measurements. For instance, describing the color, texture, or behavior of an object would be considered a qualitative observation.
fallacy
The statement "the damage at this scene was caused by an explosion" is an inference rather than an observation. An observation is a direct, factual statement based on sensory data, while an inference involves interpreting or drawing a conclusion based on observations. In this case, the statement goes beyond direct sensory data to make a conclusion about the cause of the damage, making it an inference.
Inference is similar to "jumping to a conclusion". It is the reasoning involved in concluding something on the basis of circumstantial evidence or prior experience rather than personal observation.
"The unknown gas is the most reactive gas known to date." This statement represents a conclusion because it infers the overall assessment or interpretation of the experimental data, rather than a direct observation made during the investigation.
BEHAVIORISM
Empirical knowledge is the name for the body of knowledge obtained through methods based on systematic observation. This type of knowledge relies on direct experience and evidence, rather than just theory or speculation.
The word you are looking for is "speculation." Speculation involves forming conclusions based on assumptions rather than direct evidence or observation.
To infer means to deduce or conclude something based on evidence or reasoning rather than direct observation or explicit information. It involves drawing a logical conclusion from available information or clues.
Gestalt psychology emphasizes understanding the whole rather than the sum of its parts and focuses on how individuals perceive and experience the world as meaningful patterns. It places importance on direct observation of behavior and the environment, rather than introspection or breaking experiences into isolated elements. Gestalt psychologists would be interested in how individuals organize and interpret sensory information to create meaningful perceptions and experiences.
A hypothesis itself does not have a conclusion; rather, it is a testable statement or prediction that can be evaluated through experimentation or observation. After conducting research, the results lead to a conclusion about the validity of the hypothesis, determining whether it is supported or refuted. Thus, while a hypothesis is a starting point, the conclusion comes later in the scientific process.
a posteriori means it argues from experience (empirical evidence) to a conclusion. for example the design arguments claims that there is order in the world (experience) and then concludes that there must be a God who designed this (the conclusion)
"Empirical" refers to knowledge or conclusions derived from observation, experimentation, or experience rather than theory or pure logic. In scientific contexts, it emphasizes the importance of evidence gathered through direct observation or experimentation. This approach contrasts with purely theoretical or speculative methods. Essentially, empirical data is grounded in real-world evidence.