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Thermal energy may increase or decrease during a phase change. It depends on which "direction" the change is going. In a phase change between a solid and liquid, as in the case of water, the solid water (ice) will reach 0 °C by absorbing thermal energy. It's temperature will be rising as it absorbs heat. But at the transition temperature, it must still absorb some heat to "make the transition" from ice at 0 °C to water a 0 °C. This thermal energy is the enthalpy of fusion. Thermal energy will have increased during the phase change. Another way make the point is that water at 0 °C will have more thermal energy than an equal mass of ice at 0 °C. If you guessed that the opposite is true, you'd be correct. The changes in thermal energy apply to "regular" phase changes between solids, liquids and gases. (There are other types of phase change that don't involve thermal energy or the change of state from solid, liquid or gas.) A link can be found to the enthalpy of fusion for you to investigate further into this one type of transition. That link is below.

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