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Crude oil is heated in a series of heat exchangers by exchanging heat with products and column pumparounds. Final heating is done by a fire heater before entering the atmospheric column. The overhead product is offgas and light naphtha. Heavier cuts are taken as sidedraws and may include heavy naphtha, jet (kerosene), diesel, and atmospheric gas oil. These products are stabilized in sidestrippers using either reboilers or stripping steam. The naphtha, kerosene, and diesel products are processed further in downstream units such as reformers and hydrotreaters. The atmospheric gas oil is usually combined with the light vacuum gas oil and heavy vacuum gas oil (see paragraph below) and sent to an Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU). It may or may not be sent to a hydrotreater prior to being sent to the FCCU. The bottoms of the atmospheric column is heated further and sent to a vacuum column, which allows the heavier molecules to vaporize at a temperature lower than it would if it was at atmospheric pressue. This is to avoild cracking due to high temperatures. The side products are the light vacuum gas oil and heavy vacuum gas oil mentioned above. The bottoms of the vacuum column (resid) is usually sent to a coker where it is thermally cracked to lighter products.
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