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The primary raw material used for making activated carbon is any organic material with a high carbon content (coal, wood, peat, coconut shells). Granular activated carbon mediais most commonly produced by grinding the raw material, adding a suitable binder to give it hardness, re-compacting and crushing to the correct size. The carbon-based material is converted to activated carbon by thermal decomposition in a furnace using a controlled atmosphere and heat. The resultant product has an incredibly large surface area per unit volume, and a network of submicroscopic pores where adsorption takes place. The walls of the pores provide the surface layer molecules essential for adsorption. Amazingly, one pound of carbon (a quart container) provides a surface area equivalent to six football fields.

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Why should you add activated carbon to a cool solution and reheat it to boiling?

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What are the differences between carbon and activated carbon, and how do they affect their respective uses in various applications?

Carbon is a chemical element found in various forms, while activated carbon is a processed form of carbon with increased surface area and adsorption capabilities. The differences lie in their structures and properties, with activated carbon being more porous and effective at adsorbing impurities. This makes activated carbon suitable for applications like water purification, air filtration, and gas adsorption, where its enhanced adsorption capacity is beneficial.