Earth's early atmosphere was primarily composed of carbon dioxide. Early bacteria used carbon dioxide as a source of fuel and as a result produced oxygen.
Gaseous oxygen, O2, by cyanobacteria.
The Earth's atmosphere has gone through a number of changes in temperature and composition over the 4.5 billion years it has been around. From our point of view, the important change occurred when it became breathable by us (or other animals). That change almost killed everything else alive at the time since oxygen was poisonous to the first life forms on Earth. About 3 or 4 billion years ago, a bacteria-like life form discovered photosynthesis and gave off oxygen as a poisonous waste. This photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms that emitted O2 as a waste a precursor to what we now call blue-green alga. After more than a billion years of these bacteria-like things making oxygen, a life form evolved that was able to breath it. Soon after that, we arrived. Now that humans are hear, there are more temperature and chemistry changes to the atmosphere due to chemical we create that become pollutants and we are working on doubling the concentration of CO2 as a waste gas from burning coal and oil.
The Earth's early atmosphere consisted of Carrbon Dioxide, methane, sulphur, ammonia, nitrogen and smaller amounts (aprox. 0.05%) of other gases.
Herbert Spencer was the early sociologist who applied the concept of evolution to societies.
Tornadoes can occur at any time of day but are most common in the late afternoon because that is when the lower atmosphere is generally warmest and thus when the atmosphere is most unstable. An unstable atmosphere is needed for thunderstorms and strong thunderstorms are needed for tornadoes. The greater the instability the stronger the thunderstorms can become.
God created it along with everything else in the universe. The scientific would be that they developed from single-celled organisms; some scientists even believe that some bacteria may have arrived from space. No one really knows for sure, though simple life has been created in the laboratory by the introduction of electricity (such as a lightning bolt might provide) to a chemical "stew" similar to what is presumed to have existed early in this planet's history. Sound science does not necessarily preclude the existence of a "Creator", but we can be absolutely sure that Genesis, and other creation stories, are nothing more than attempts by early humans to explain existence, and are not factual blow-by-blow accounts.
yes
oxygen
oxygen
nitrogen
nitrogen
photosynthesis
no
photosynthsis
Photosynthesis by plants
Hydrogen and helium
Carbon dioxide
it dissolved into the ocean