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They put forward a hypothesis (a potential explaination) and then figure out an experiment, prediction etc which has the potential to verify or falsify their hypothesis. If possible, they find many many ways to falsify their hypothesis.

Like in evolution, biologists make evolutionary predictions about the inner structures of fossilized skulls that come true, or predict that if we change X's environment then it will adapt in Y way (then do that and it happens), or predict how a disease will mutate and create a vaccine for a virus before it exists, etc, etc.

Albert Einstiein, to get people to take his theory of relativity seriously, mathematically calculated the angle at which light from a distant star would curve around the sun during an upcoming solar eclipse, giving credence to his argument that light curves around massive objects because massive objects bend or displace space around them, rather than light having mass and weight.

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18y ago

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