Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms. In ecology are quick and done in a lab models help.
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To distinguish results based on the only two variables of awareness. Observed (presence) vs the unobserved (absence) changes the outcome in every experiment. Something like a control group, if i am on the right side of the road (as in 50 states, but not territories of the US that is us.
I think it's very difficult to answer this question simply. Depending on the sophistication of your research model and the amount of data and the accuracy with which the research is carried out, you can test several variables simultaneously. This can be done 'legitimately', and sometimes it is too costly to run research projects that test one or two variables at a time. Some of these complex and sophisticated statistical models are used very infrequently, but it can be done.
mathematical models conceptual models and Physical models
Not necessarily. Models for faith, models for morals and conduct, and models for leadership are, for examples, not fake.
regression models econometric models leading indicators