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What is the difference between genitive case and possessive case or are they same?

They are very nearly the same, but the genitive case in many languages has functions that go beyond mere possession. For example, in Latin the genitive case encodes not only possession (domus patris mei, "my father's house") but also other relations between nouns, such as the material out of which something is made (flumina sanguinis, "rivers of blood") and the object of an implied verb (cupiditas argenti, "desire for money"). Note that in English, which has a possessive case ("John's", "his", etc.), we can say "my father's house", but not "blood's rivers"; and while we can perhaps say "money's desire", it means something quite different from the Latin version.


Why is protein synthesis important?

Protein synthesis-growth====its the process in how we grow, how characteristics are brought out in us e.g. an enxyme in your stomach digests protein. If protein synthesis didnt produce this we wouldntdigest protein. Same goes for everythng else.


How are the characteristics or traits stored in your DNA?

This question is a little broad, but I'll do my best. DNA is found in the chromosomes and is composed of millions of base pairs held together by two sugar-phosphate backbones. The base pairs can be A-T, T-A, C-G, or G-C. DNA holds the instructions that are needed to create proteins; certain lengths of base pairs on the chromosomes, called genes, hold the code that the cell uses to create proteins. Cells in different places in the body need different proteins, but they all have the same DNA, so certain genes are activated or deactivated based on signals that come from nearby cells, leading to cell specialization. When a cell makes a protein, an activated gene in DNA sends a message in the form of mRNA to the ribosomes, which translate the message into an amino acid sequence, or polypeptide. Many polypeptides are put together in order to create the proteins that the body needs. As you can see, the order of base pairs in DNA essentially determines the proteins that will be created. Between two individuals, the DNA is not exactly the same, so there is a slight alteration in the way all the proteins in their bodies are put together, and their defining physical and mental characteristics become evident. OR -- DNA encodes molecules. Molecules have different functions under different stresses. Traits are macro characteristics of the individual. For example, when some molecule encounters a low pH (a stressor) (for example) it binds with whatever resulting in hair that doesn't diffuse light -- that is, the individual is seen with dark hair. So we say the DNA encodes the trait of dark hair. I assure you, however, that the DNA never heard of dark hair.


Why is a silent mutation called silent?

a mutation that does not affect protein production.


Which part of the DNA molecule contains the genetic information used to make proteins?

The part of the DNA molecule that carries the genetic information is called the gene. It is the basic unit of heredity. The nucleotide base sequence encodes information. The bases of A,T and C,G code for the order of an Amino Acid which are the proteins. These four bases form millions of combinations that code for all the genetic material in a cell. These structures form the rungs of the ladder. DNA contains two different types of genes, known as introns and extrons. Extrons code for protein synthesis, and introns, as far as we can tell, play a role in determining when specific extrons will be expressed (which is to say, when they will actually be used for protein synthesis) and when they will remain dormant. Almost, the 4 types of nucleotides are "read" in groups of 3 to make 1 codon. Other than a start and stop codon, the rest are translated into amino acids. Those acids become proteins which are then made into genes, or cells of some kind.