1. orienting(direction) substrates correctly
2. straining substrate bonds
3. Providing a favorable micro environment
4. Covalently bonding to the substrate
got the answers from my AP Bio notes....
radiation energyheat energykinetic energypotential energychemical energy
condiction, radiation and convection
Energy cannot be saved.!!!! However, physical or chemical sources can release more or less energy as appropriate. This release is then transferred ( the energy) to another form/source.
you can use it to create chemical bonds, make more energy, and transport molecules. that is all i have for now but there are more ways.
The energy producted by the process of metabolism is used in many ways by our cells.Large amounts of the energy produced is used in metabolizing food particles. To make muscles move also require good bit of energy.
by lowering activation energy to increase the reactionEnzymes are biological catalysts, and can hence lower the activation energy barrier of the reaction that it catalyses. Enzymes do this in several ways:1) Enzymes can provide a suitable environment for the reaction to take place. The active site of a enzyme can be highly acidic (pH
No, they speed them up by lowering the activation energy of reactions. The body has other ways to slow reactions. Concentration of enzymes, inhibition of enzymes, sometimes by negative feed back mechanisms.
They are organic catalysts. All catalysts will speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, or the energy required to break certain atoms apart so that they can be reformed to make new products.
Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction (that is, the amount of energy that is needed in order for the reaction to occur).Without an enzyme, a reaction may need so much energy that it is impossible to obtain in a normal biological timespan. With enzymes, reactions require much less energy, so that they can occur hundreds of times a second.Enzymes can achieve this catalysis in many ways - for instance, if a reaction involves two substances combining to form one, the enzyme can bind each substance in a specific site that forces them close together, making the reaction much more likely to occur and requiring much less energy for the substrates to locate and approach one another.
Enzymes are not permanently altered by chemical reactions; they can be used repeatedly in different reactions. Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur, without being consumed in the process. This is why enzymes are considered efficient catalysts in biological systems.
They lower the activation energy of catalytic reactions. I think I remember a few ways they do this. One: they can provide a safe haven for two substrates to interact. Two: They can actually stress the bonds of a substrate causing the reaction by new bonds forming. Three: These enzyme proteins, like all proteins. are amino acids with R groups. Some enzymes can catalyze a reaction with the R group.
Enzymes can increase the speed of chemical reactions in several ways. I will explain one in detail (the most common one) and just mention another that I can think of. Most often, they lower what is called the activation energy of a chemical transformation. Think of it this way- you have a bowling ball that is sitting half way up on the side of a mountain. You want to push the bowling ball up over the peak and let it roll down to the bottom of the other side. In order to do that, you have to put energy in to roll the ball all the way to the top, before it can roll down the other side. This is an analogy for activation energy. A chemical reaction is a change in chemical state from a higher energy state (1/2 way up the mountain) to a lower energy state ( at the bottom on the other side). But, this doesn't happen spontaneously. Match heads don't just ignite on their own, and logs don't burst into flame. You have to put IN some energy before it can do down to its lower energy state (you have to push the ball UP some before it can roll to the bottom). With that out of the way, we can get back to how the enzyme works. It LOWERS the needed activation energy. In our analogy, the enzyme would chop off the top of the mountain altogether, so we did not need to push the bowling ball as high before it could roll to the other side. Now to get technical. When molecules combine, there is what is called an intermediate state. It is usually an unstable shape, and only present for an instant when the 2 molecules first join. Since it is an unstable and unfavorable state, it requires an input of energy to happen at all. This is why there is a hump to go over in our analogy. The active site of many enzymes is in the exact shape (only opposite) of this intermediate. You can think of the enzyme's active site as a sort of mold, where the 2 molecules come in, and it is much easier for them to join, form the intermediate, and end up in a more stable conformation. If they tried to join outside of the enzyme, it would require more energy input, because that intermediate state is not stabilized. Enzymes can also form micro environments. For example, if a reaction needs to be in acid to occur, an enzyme can have a tiny micro environment that is acidic, in order for the reaction to happen as it needs to.
chemical reactions involve collisions between molecules. most collisions don't have either the right orientation or enough energy for the reaction to proceed. the molecules just bounce off each other, unchanged. incidentally that is why reactions proceed faster as the temperature increases - high temperature means molecules are moving faster and are more likely to have the required energy to react. enzymes are protein catalysts that force reactant molecules into the correct orientation and lower the required energy for a collision to produce a reaction.
Enzymes lower activation energy by providing the substrates with an ideal environment for the certain reaction. Often, certain parts of the enzyme chain in the activation site will make the substrate more unstable by binding to it. This instability makes it easier to break down the substrate, or attach another molecule to it.
Three ways to lower an energy bill are as follows: make an effort to turn off all unnecessary lighting in your household, attempt to replace a large portion of lightbulbs with energy efficient lightbulbs, and unplug objects when not in use (objects that are still plugged in continue to suck power).
Catalyst ensures that the activation energy of the molecules is lowered so there is effective collisions,and it does this in two ways;the transition and absorbtion states but inibitors even raises the activation energy and causes in effective collisions.
There are three ways thermal energy can be transferred: conduction, convection, and radiation.