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In the 1930s, scientists discovered nuclear fission, the process by which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, releasing a significant amount of energy. This discovery, particularly by physicists like Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn, demonstrated the potential for harnessing atomic energy. Additionally, the rise of fascism in Europe and concerns about Nazi Germany potentially developing nuclear weapons prompted the U.S. government to initiate the Manhattan Project, aimed at creating an atomic bomb. This project ultimately led to the successful development and deployment of nuclear weapons during World War II.

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