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Cell division is a complex process directed by many factors. Developing cells may divide without an exogenous signal to do so, whereas other cells that are not always dividing may require binding of growth factors to their cell surface growth factor receptors. This will transduce a signal leading to the translocation of a set of transcription factors to the nucleus, where genes required for the onset of cell division are transcribed.

There are a number of checkpoints governing crucial steps in cell division. The G1/S checkpoint is only passed if the genome is stable, the G2/M checkpoint is only passed if the cell has effectively duplicated all of its components, and the spindle checkpoint of mitosis is only passed if sister chromatids are properly lined up at the metaphase plate.

There is not a particular organelle or cellular structure that regulates cell division in particular, but input from all parts of the cell play a role in communicating whether the cell can enter the cell cycle or not.

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