Predicting when earthquakes will happen and when volcanoes will erupt
By studying how the earth's crust reacts to earthquakes, volcanoes, or underground explosions and the like.
They may be known as faults, joints or more generally as discontinuities. Please see the related links for more information.
cupping, twisting, splitting and knots.
normal reverse strike-slip
There are several reasons: * To inform other scientists who are interested in the same sort of thing of the progress that has been made. Others can either stop looking, incorporate their answer to part of the question that was puzzling them, or move onto the next stage of the problem. * To establish that they were the first to discover the answer to a problem. This provides "bragging rights" and helps them become credible in their community. Publicity is an essential part of getting more money for future research etc * To promote peer review and comment. Everyone is blind to their own faults. Different eyes may see problems that the first researcher has missed
i dont know really
Geologists collect data on friction along the side of faults so that they can predict how much pressure is applied on the faults so they can predict how strong the earthquake is.
Earthquakes
By studying how the earth's crust reacts to earthquakes, volcanoes, or underground explosions and the like.
laser-ranging device
Friction between rocks on each side of the fault.
So that geologist can predict how much force of pressure applied on the faults to predict how strong the earthquake.
to detect a slight rise or fall in the elevation and tilt of the land.
Geologists study the types of movement that occurs along faults. How rocks move along a fault depends on how much friction there is between the sides of the fault. Friction is the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface. Friction exists because surfaces are not perfectly smooth.Along parts of some faults, the rocks on both sides of the fault slide by each other without much sticking. Therefore stress does not build up, and big earthquakes are unlikely. Along many faults, the rocks lock together. In this case, stress increases until it is large enough to overcome the friction force. Stress builds up until an earthquake occurs.
The movement of seismic waves along faults and friction.
Yes, scientists use tiltmeters to monitor subtle changes in the tilt of the ground caused by movement along faults. Tiltmeters are useful for detecting hidden faults by providing real-time data on deformation in the Earth's crust, helping scientists understand fault behavior and earthquake risk. They are often deployed in areas of known seismic activity to better understand fault dynamics.
The surface of a radio telescope doesn't have to be as flawless as the surface of an optical telescope because the radio telescope is collecting radio waves, something that will not be affected by faults in the glass. Optical telescopes, on the other hand, are collecting light, where faults in the surface can interfere with the image.