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The thermostat's main job is to allow the engine to heat up quickly, and then to keep the engine at a constant temperature. It does this by regulating the amount of water that goes through the radiator. At low temperatures, the outlet to the radiator is completely blocked -- all of the coolant is recirculated back through the engine. Once the temperature of the coolant rises to between 180 and 195 F the thermostat starts to open, allowing fluid to flow through the radiator. By the time the coolant reaches 200 to 218 F, the thermostat is open all the way. It preforms this feat because there is wax inside the thermostat that melts at a preset temperature. If the thermostat is rated at 190 degrees F that is when it opens. That is it's temperature rating.

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