upper fixed point is a temperature of stem from water boiling and standards atmospheric pressure
lower fixed point is the temperature of pure melting ice.
fulcrum ----> Is MpK
a pendulum
It is the process of a change in position relative to some fixed point of reference.
Solutes lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a solvent! :)
A soluble volatile substance will lower the boiling point of a solution. The volatile substance will boil at a lower temperature than the water component, thus causing the solution to boil at a lower temperature.
The lower fixed point of a clinical thermometer is the temperature of the ice point (0°C) and the upper fixed point is the temperature of the steam point (100°C at standard atmospheric pressure). These fixed points are used to calibrate the thermometer for accurate temperature measurements.
The lower fixed point in the Celsius scale is 0 degrees Celsius. This point is defined as the freezing point of water at sea level under standard atmospheric pressure.
The upper fixed point in a clinical thermometer is typically the temperature of a healthy human body (e.g., 37 degrees Celsius). The lower fixed point is usually the temperature of melting ice (e.g., 0 degrees Celsius). These fixed points help calibrate the thermometer for accurate temperature measurements.
The upper fixed point of a digital thermometer is typically set at the boiling point of water, which is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit. The lower fixed point is usually set at the freezing point of water, which is 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. These fixed points provide known reference temperatures for calibration and accuracy checks.
The lower fixed point of a thermometer is typically determined by immersing the thermometer in a mixture of ice and water. This point is known as the ice point, as it represents the temperature at which ice and water coexist in equilibrium under normal atmospheric pressure.
The lower fixed point on the Celsius scale is defined as 0 degrees Celsius, which corresponds to the freezing point of water at standard atmospheric pressure. It serves as one of the reference points for the Celsius temperature scale.
The two main fixed points in the Celsius scale are: Zero degrees the freezing point of water and 100 degrees its boiling point. Any temperature below freezing are minus values, the lowest being -273 degrees absolute zero the point where everything stops.
Mineral impurities in the upper fixed point of a mercury-in-glass thermometer can lead to an increase in the boiling point of the liquid, affecting the accuracy of high temperature measurements. Impurities in the lower fixed point can similarly impact the freezing point, affecting the accuracy of low temperature readings. Regular calibration and cleaning can help mitigate these effects.
Upper fixed point is the temperature of pure water boiling at normal atmospheric pressure.Lower fixed point is the temperature of a mixture of pure ice and pure water at normal atmospheric pressure. Each thermometer has a scale containing an upper and lower fixed points depending on the use of this thermometer for specific measurements.
The boiling point and freezing point of water are affected by factors such as altitude, atmospheric pressure, and impurities in the water. In Kathmandu, being at a higher altitude, the boiling point of water is lower than 100 degrees Celsius and the freezing point is higher than 0 degrees Celsius due to reduced atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the upper fixed point and lower fixed point of pure water in Kathmandu will not be at 100 degrees and 0 degrees Celsius respectively.
The boiling point of water can vary based on factors like altitude and atmospheric pressure. At higher altitudes, where the atmospheric pressure is lower, water boils at a lower temperature. This is because the lower pressure makes it easier for water molecules to escape into the air as vapor.
Pure ice is used to determine a lower fixed point of a thermometer because it is a well-defined substance with a known melting point of 0°C under standard atmospheric pressure. This makes it a reliable reference point for calibrating and verifying the accuracy of a thermometer.