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Electricity can be defined as the flow of negatively charge particles, called electrons. This flow is only possible in conductors (ex. metals) but not in insulators (ex. glass).

As the electrons flow, they have to overcome frictional forces. Friction produces heat.

The more friction that is encountered, the more heat is generated. So the current passes quite easily through the copper conductors, generating very little heat. As it reaches the load (heater, lamp etc), the resistance is greater so the bulk of the heat is generated here.

Electrical energy is being converted to thermal energy.

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