When did human cloning first start?

Answer 1

1951 was when the first successful clone of a frog egg was created, though some early attempts at cloning in the 1800's were made. Hans Dreisch was the man in the late 1800's to conduct attempts at cloning a sea urchin.

Although the cloning on non-mammals was first accomplished way back in 1952, the world had to wait for another 44 years before the first mammal was finally cloned. The first cloned mammal, a sheep named Dolly was born on 5th July 1996. The birth of Dolly had established the ability of we humans to clone mammals. And being mammals themselves, this was an important milestone for the human race. In this fascinating history of cloning, a major setback came in 2003 when Dolly died at the age of six. The death of this first cloned mammal was followed by an intense debate, about the ethical issues of cloning, which continues even today.

A Brief History of Cloning

Cloning is basically the process by which a genetically identical copy of a particular bacteria, plant or animal is produced by asexual reproduction. The term 'clone', was coined by J.B.S. Haldane, an eminent Scottish biologist, in his speech entitled Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten-Thousand Years in 1963. The history of cloning can be traced back to 1880s, when many scientists attempted to prove how the genetic material inside the cells worked. Whilst trying to prove that the genetic material is not lost during cell division, Hans Dreisch cloned sea urchins by separating two cells and growing them independently. In 1902, Hans Spemman repeated the same process with a salamander.

History of Cloning Plants

It is very difficult to trace the timeline of cloning plants, owing to the fact that such cloning of plants has been practiced by humans, since thousands of years, and by the nature, for a longer time. Interestingly enough, there have been quite a few citations about cloning of plants in the cloning history. One such example being the cloning of a full carrot by F. C. Stewart in 1964.

The History of Animal Cloning

The first successful animal cloning experiment was executed by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King, when they cloned northern leopard frogs in 1952. In 1962, John Gurdon used the nucleus of fully differentiated adult intestinal cells and cloned South African frogs, thus proving that a cell's genetic potential doesn't diminish as the cell specializes. In 1963, the Chinese embryologist Tong Dizhou cloned the first fish, by inserting the DNA from a cell of a male into the egg of a female. A major breakthrough in the attempts to clone animals came in the form of cloning of Dolly, the sheep, by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and other scientists from the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Since then several other animals, ranging from cat and dog species to camel and Water-buffalo species have been cloned successfully. In 2009, an extinct animal species - the Pyrenean Ibex was cloned, however, it only survived for 7 minutes before becoming extinct again.

History of Human Cloning

Other than the successful attempts at cloning various animal species, the 20th century was also marked by some of the major advancements in the field of genealogy. The successful deciphering of the DNA code in 1968 came as a major boost for the much aspired human cloning. Around 20 years later, in 1988, the Human Genome, i.e. the genome of Homosapiens stored in 23 chromosome pairs, was launched. As things were working fine towards the development of a human clone, a major setback came in the form of the Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2009, which deemed cloning as unlawful, unethical and an immoral activity. The opposition to cloning of humans came from scientific community, who were not satisfied with the results of animal cloning, as well as the religious community, which regarded human cloning to be an activity interfering with human life and procreation.

This was a brief history of cloning, spanning over a period of around 120 years. As of 2009, human cloning is considered to be illegal in 23 countries. The fraternity of pro-cloning scientists and researchers are hoping that human cloning is legalized soon, after which they can get back to their labs, and continue experiments related to the same. TALINO KO NO Hanga kau

Answer 2

how did cloning begin and how is it illegal

Answer 3

Therapeutic cloning, also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, is the practice of growing cells for medical use in therapies. It was officially approved to begin in early 2006.

Answer 4

Humans have never been cloned, and as far as I know they will probably never be.