Who are the scientist who study about radioactivity?

Answer 1

The following is the introduction to Wikipedia article on 'Radioactive Decay'. If you want to study this you need to study the whole article. It is far too long to reply with a study, but particular questions may be answered here.

Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and radiation. This decay, or loss of energy, results in an atom of one type, called the parent nuclide transforming to an atom of a different type, called the daughter nuclide. For example: a carbon-14 atom (the "parent") emits radiation and transforms to a nitrogen-14 atom (the "daughter"). This is a random process on the atomic level, in that it is impossible to predict when a given atom will decay, but given a large number of similar atoms, the decay rate, on average, is predictable. The SI unit of radioactive decay (the phenomenon of natural and artificial radioactivity) is the becquerel (Bq). One Bq is defined as one transformation (or decay) per second. Since any reasonably-sized sample of radioactive material contains many atoms, a Bq is a tiny measure of activity; amounts on the order of TBq (terabecquerel) or GBq (gigabecquerel) are commonly used. Another unit of (radio)activity is the curie, Ci, which was originally defined as the activity of one gram of pure radium, isotope Ra-226. At present it is equal (by definition) to the activity of any radionuclide decaying with a disintegration rate of 3.7 × 1010 Bq. The use of Ci is presently discouraged by SI.

Answer 2

Radioactivity is a term we apply to the emissions of radioactive materials. What is happening in these radioactive materials is that nuclear changes are occurring in the nuclei of atoms of these substances. These changes result from the activity in unstable atomic nuclei, and the changes result in the release of nuclear radiation. The radiation can take a couple of forms, and we might look at them.

With alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons and the like, the unstable nucleus emitting them is actually "spitting out" particles of matter. These particles, sometimes called particulate radiation, have considerable energies associated with them. They can do biological damage to living organisms that they come into contact with, and that makes them hazardous.

Gamma rays are high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei that are undergoing changes. The gamma rays are also a form of nuclear radiation or radioactivity, and they can (like the particulate radiation) cause biological damage. They are also much more penetrating than the particulate radiation.

When we study nuclear radiation, we understand that atomic nuclei are radiating energy (in the form of particles, electromagnetic energy, or both) to dump energy as they change into something else. The changes will continue until a stable atomic nucleus results. Radioactive atoms (unstable atoms) will continue to go through changes in an attempt to attain a stable configuration, and that usually means releasing (radiating) energy (in whatever form) to become stable.

The concept of radioactivity is important in the study of nuclear radiation because it is the quality of being radioactive that results in the emission of forms of nuclear radiation. We must study them together to attain an understanding the possible changes in atomic nuclei.

Answer 3

Physicists mainly, also medical people interested in using isotopes, or protecting people. Health Physics is an important discipline in safe use of nuclear power.

Answer 4

Physics, perhaps also chemistry