intensity of ring formed depends upon the thickness of air coloumn b\w the lens & glass plate.and the locus of points having same thickness of aircolumn is a circle,with the center as the point of contact of b\w the glass plate and lens.
In michelson interferometer the mirros are perpendicular and because of our eye viewed direction and angle theta the fringes are circular
if we use glass plate then ring's will be clear
An extended source is used in Newton's ring experiment to ensure uniform illumination across the entire surface of the plano-convex lens. This uniform illumination helps in producing a clear and distinct pattern of interference fringes, making it easier to measure the diameter of the rings accurately. Additionally, using an extended source reduces the effects of coherence length and ensures a consistent interference pattern, improving the reliability and precision of the experimental results.
newtons ring is formed due to the consequtive circle of different radius of bright and dark in which the centre is dark
Waves traveling through space interfere and produce visible fringes if the conditions are right. In particular, the waves must have some degree of spatial and temporal coherence over a region of space. Fringe localization defines the region of space where interference occurs and fringes with reasonably good contrast are observed. The location of this region relative to the components of the interferometer depends on properties of the source and geometry of the interferometer. In this section, basic properties of fringe localization are illustrated for various types of sources and interferometers. one can divide the different degree of localization in the following way: 1) Localized everywhere: The fringes have high visibility everywhere in the observation space. (Also called non-localized or unlocalized.) 2) Localized: The fringes have high visibility over some surface in the observation space. The fringe localization surface can be curved. 3) Localized at infinity: A lens is used to transform the angular distribution of fringes into a spatial distribution of fringes on an observation plane with high visibility. The observation plane is usually at the back focus of the lens. Otherwise, fringe visibility is too low for observation. (Also called Haidinger's fringes or fringes of equal inclination.) 4) Fringes of equal thickness: Localized fringes, where fringes correspond to contours of constant thickness between two surfaces.
Since a plano-convex lens is being used in Newton's Rings .. that's why=the fringes are seen circular from above, on the glass plate.=
Cornu's fringes are hyperbolic because they are formed due to the interference of light waves that are not perfectly spherical when they meet at an angle. Newton's rings are circular because they are formed by the interference of light waves that are spherical in shape due to reflection between a flat glass surface and a convex lens.
Biprism produce straight fringe systems while Newton's rings are circular fringe patterns.
In michelson interferometer the mirros are perpendicular and because of our eye viewed direction and angle theta the fringes are circular
The angular fringe width in Newton's rings is given by the equation δθ = λ / R, where δθ is the angular fringe width, λ is the wavelength of light, and R is the radius of curvature of the lens or mirror producing the rings. It represents the distance between adjacent bright or dark fringes in the pattern.
The fringes in interference patterns are circular because they represent regions of constructive and destructive interference of light waves. The circular shape results from the changing phase differences between the interfering waves across the entire wavefront.
A lens that only has one flat surface is called a plano convex lens. The plano convex lens makes fringes circular because the air film is symmetrical.
Circular fringes are obtained in a Michelson interferometer due to the spherical wavefronts produced by the point light source. The light waves that interfere come from a point source, creating a series of concentric circles of constructive and destructive interference known as circular fringes. This phenomenon occurs as the waves reflect off the two mirrors in the interferometer and interfere with each other.
sodium light
rings start collapsing to the centre
By definition, rings are circular. Therefore, if they were squares, they would not be rings!
In newton's ring experiment,shape of optical fringe pattern circular rings.In cornu's method method, the optical fringe pattern formed between a bent glass beam and an optical flat loid on top of the beam. the bending is accompanied by change in shape of rings from circular to eliptical.